The shell bitumen handbook this new edition reflects many of the very significant advances which have taken place in the period since the last edition was published. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish. Bitumen and tar product sectional committee, bcdc 2. The temperaturevsstiffness relationship of bitumen is dependent on the source of crude oil and the method of refining. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil.
Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Bitumen penetration grade 80100 is a standard penetration grade bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. Characteristics and properties of construction materials. The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk. Oxidized bitumen r 1020,r8525,r8540,r 11515,emulsion bitumen astm d244 suppliers in singapore. Different types of bitumen, their properties and uses. Bitumen 85100 is a bitumen kind, which is provided in oxidation of vacuum bottom procedure the bitumen production feedstock that derives from distillation tower residue in vacuum oil refineries at bitumen production unit in a manner that its penetration point kind of test to indicate the hardness of bitumen is between 85 to 100. The apparatus needed to determine bitumen content are i centrifuge extractor ii miscellaneous bowl, filter paper, balance and commercial benzene.
Test specific gravity of bitumen 4050 6070 and 80100. Bitumina groupguaranteesthat the bitumen grade 6070 it supplies under its offers is produced in compliance to and is in conformity to aashto m2070 and astm 946 d946m and meets the following specification requirements. Postpr int this is the accepted version of a paper published in european polymer journal. In the equation above, g s denotes the specific gravity of the fluid at atmospheric pressure 14. There are different types of bitumen available with different properties, specifications and uses based on requirements of consuming industry. Definition softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test. The grade of bitumen used for pavement construction work of roads and airfields are called. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. Bitumen asphalt is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky, entirely soluble in carbon disulfide, and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Specific gravity of the asphalt binder determined at 77f 25c. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces.
Penetration grade bitumen a global bitumen company. By definition, the specific gravity of bitumen, the tartoweight ratio of a certain volume of water volume at a given temperature. Contents aboutthe principal authors xii foreword xiv acknowledgements xv chapter 1 introduction 1 1. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. Assemble the apparatus with the rings, thermometer and ball guides in position fill the bath to a height of 50mm above the upper surface of the rings with the freshly boiled distilled water or pure glycerin at a temperature of 5 0c. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity and. Polymer modified bitumen emulsions pmbes are a special class of bituminous emulsions. Citation for the or iginal published paper ver sion of record.
Bitumen vg 3040 60 70 asphalt also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semisolid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch. The handbook is authored by shells team of bitumen experts, led by john read, general manager of bitumen technology. Departments technical specifications volume 3 of 4 of the standard tender documents, it is. Factors affecting the measurement of effective specific gravity for reclaimed asphalt pavement. Shell publishes sixth edition of bitumen handbook shell. The bureau of indian standards bis introduced paving grade bitumen specifications is. How to test specific gravity of bitumen atdm co ltd.
If you need pointers images, to look for x1724208 windows 7 wallpapers is yet another powerful website that delivers large number of. Composition of bitumen sheet is the factor that influences the hydro insulation function. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate combination in the paving mixture. Volume density actually well reflects bitumen sheet composition. I am confident that you will feel that this is a worthy addition to your asphalt book shelf. Bitumen 80100 is used as a binder of mineral aggregates in asphalt concrete and hot laid plant mix for highways, airports, parking areas, driveways and curbs.
From the weights taken, the specific gravity of bitumen can be found out. Proper use of high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement rap in recycled asphalt mixtures requires a better understanding of rap properties before mix design to ensure confidence that rap properties are not changed by the mix design or asphalt production process. Production of bitumen emulsion manufacturing plant, detailed project report, profile, business plan, industry trends, market. Bitumen content this test is done to determine the bitumen content as per astm 2172. Factors affecting the measurement of effective specific. The specific gravity of pure bitumen normally extends from 0. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Bulk specific gravity gmb of compacted hot mix asphalt hma using saturated surfacedry specimens fop for aashto t 166 scope this procedure covers the determination of bulk specific gravity gmb of compacted hot mix asphalt hma using three methods a, b, and c in accordance with aashto t 16612. Penetration grade bitumen is a standard bitumen usually used as a paving grade bitumen essential for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties, and its very important once it bounds the aggregates and creates a unique cohesion and stability to the bituminous mix this grade of bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases. Bitumen 3040 is used in specialized applications like airport runways and also in very heavy traffic volume roads in coastal cities in the country. Specific gravity of bitumen recommended values the specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. What is the time required to breakeven of bitumen emulsion production project. The specification of bitumen also shows variation with the safety, solubility, physical properties, and the durability.
Release the needle for five seconds and measure the distance penetrated. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances by rodney edgerton cox a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy major subject. Requirements for setting up bitumen emulsion production business. Viscosity test viscosity denotes the fluid property of bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the temperature of both being specified as 27 0 c. This is obtained by blowing air into hot bitumen at high temperatures normally beyond 180 0c. Bitumen bitumen is a thermoplastic material and its stiffness is dependent on temperature. The table2, shows the cutback specifications based on bs 3690.
This provides the requirement of the bitumen to satisfy solubility property. The specific gravity of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 270c. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with. If you need pointers images, to look for x1724208 windows 7 wallpapers is yet another powerful website that delivers large number of amazing wallpapers for windows 7. Specific gravity test this test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars. To understand the performance of the bitumen when it is on service, the design of. Protect the sample from dust and allow it to cool in atmosphere at a temperature between 15 to 30 0c for 112 to 2hours for 45mm deep container and 1 to 112 hours for 35mm deep container. Procedure for bitumen specific gravity the specific gravity bottle along with the stopper is cleaned, dried and weighed the weight a. The terms specific gravity and density used in this test. Polymer modification of bitumen is the incorporation of polymers in bitumen by mechanical mixing or chemical reaction. What is the breakeven analysis of bitumen emulsion production plant. The api gravity index of a given fluid is determined by the following formula. The standard tar viscometer is used to test the standard viscosity. This sixth edition is the biggest update weve ever done.
There are two methods to test the specific gravity of bitumen a. This procedure covers the determination of the maximum specific gravity gmm of. For small and large spills, allow to cool and solidify. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch.
This grade of bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses. The water bath liquid shall be freshly boiled distilled water when testing materials having softening points below 80 0c and pure glycerin for material having. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities. Exp 12 softening point of bitumen civil engineers pk. Specific gravity of bitumendefinition, test and procedure. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a specified temperature.
After an initial introduction to bitumen and polymer modified bitumen, the book is divided into two parts. Apparatus specific gravity bottle of 50 ml capacity, ordinary capillary type with 6 mm diameter neck or wide mouthed capillary type bottle with 25 mm. Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. During the last 40 years, more and more researchers began to concentrate themselves on polymer modification of bitumen and a rapidly increasing number of research articles have been published since 1970s. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Then proceed the below procedure steps to find out specific gravity of bitumen. Determine the specific gravity of the asphalt cement. Specific gravity of a material is defined as the ratio. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state. Chapters in part one focus on the preparation and properties of a range of polymer modified bitumen, including polymer bitumen emulsions, modification of bitumen with poly urethanes, waste rubber and plastic and polypropylene fibres. There are several ways to determine the specific gravity of asphalt on all these methods, is archimedes law. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials.
Bitumen is an engineering product with good adhesion and good waterproofing properties it has inherent limitations to its performance because of how it behaves at all temperatures, bitumen shows both liquid and solid behaviour depending on the local conditions, there is a competition to find which characteristic will take precedence. The future of bitumen in nigeria bitumen depth determines which extraction methods can be used industrial application determined in part by the scale of operation and market demand bitumen used as major component in road asphalt bitumen upgraded into synthetic crude oil development timeframe years before oil production begins 1. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials1 this standard is issued under the. Bitumen sources natural, petroleum, types, asphalt its constituents, hot mix, cold mix polymers explanation of polymerization types of polymers thermosetting and thermoplastic uses eg dust arrester, soil stabilization, prevent setting of cold asphalt 2. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces for low volume roads. This article deals with determination of bulk density of bitumen waterproofing sheets using different methods, namely calculation and experimental measurement. What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. February 2010 material safety data sheet industrial grade bitumen bulk classified as non hazardous according to criteria of nohsc. Among the methods available for determining the density of asphalt is. Bitumen sources natural, petroleum, types, asphalt its constituents, hot mix, cold mix polymers explanation of polymerization types of polymers thermosetting and thermoplastic uses eg dust arrester, soil stabilization, prevent setting of cold asphalt. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of.
1595 302 979 823 759 1189 328 967 1671 730 1350 1146 982 1449 669 250 1188 294 1141 925 1675 1639 981 22 1098 90 1238 116 1229 284 307 445 922 73 528 1166 1175 677 1412 1385 695 903 1428 1160 524 1107